Food & Farming Vocabulary
Antibiotic
resistance - The
ability of bacteria and other microorganisms to survive and multiply in the
presence of an antibiotic compound that once killed them.
Arable land - which is suitable for farming
Boycott - To protest by refusing to buy or do business with a particular company or organization.
Breeding - to produce offspring (babies) (selective breeding: choosing specific characteristics for plants and animals)
BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - aka mad cow disease is a disease where the brain degenerates and has severe neurological symptoms. It is commonly believed that it is transmitted through contaminated meat
CAFO - concentrated animal feeding operation - this is when a large amount of animals are being bred in a very confined, enclosed space
Cash Crop - where a crop is sold in the market for cash; the term is often applied to crops grown in developing countries which are exported to the developed countries
Cereals - crops where the seeds are the main product e.g. wheat, corn.
Compensation - money paid to someone who has experienced loss or injury
Crop Rotation - a method of farming which avoids growing the same crop in a field continuously. A regular change of crops maintains soil fertility and reduces the risk of pests and diseases.
Cultivation - the growing of crops.
Desertification - the reduction in the fertility of the land as a result of human or natural processes. Causes include overgrazing, over-cropping, gradual destruction of trees for fuel, the use of cattle dung as a fuel, deforestation and climate change.
Diversification - switching from farming specialising in a particular product e.g. crop or animal to one depending on a range activities for an income e.g. bed and breakfast, paint-balling, farm zoo, pick-your-own fruit etc.
E. coli (Escherichia coli) - A group of bacteria that live inside the intestines of humans, other mammals, and birds.
Economic - Concerning financial resources (money).
Fallow - a field left for a year with just grass in order for it to naturally regain its nutrients after several years of crops. This is usually part of a Crop Rotation cycle.
Feedlot - A building or stockyard where livestock is fattened for market.
Fertilizer - nutrients applied to the soil, either artificial (inorganic) or natural (organic).
Food recall - to take food off the shelves of the grocery store if something is wrong with it- usually a statement is issued to the public
GMO (genetically modified organism) - An organism whose DNA has been deliberately altered by laboratory methods.
Grain -fed (vs. grass-fed)- Livestock raised on a diet of corn, soybeans, and other by-products, rather than pasture or grass.
Guaranteed Prices - a type of farm subsidy: the farmer is assured a minimum price for everything produced.
Herbicide - poisonous chemicals applied to crops to kill weeds.
HYVs High Yielding Varieties - new types of seed which have been scientifically developed to produce more food per plant. ie selective breeding
Mechanization - machinery takes over the work of humans and animals to increase productivity/lower labour costs
Organic food - Food produced without synthetic pesticides, artificial fertilizers, hormones, antibiotics, or genetic modification.
Over-Cultivation - the excessive use of farmland to the point where productivity falls due to soil exhaustion or land degradation.
Overgrazing - the destruction of the protective vegetation cover by having too many animals grazing upon it.
Pesticide - poisonous chemicals applied to crops to kill pests (bugs)
PETA - People for Ethical Treatment of Animals - an animal rights group with the slogan "animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment or abuse in any way."
Poultry - domesticated birds (ie chickens) raised for eggs and meat
Ranching - rearing of beef cattle on a large scale.
rBST-free - Dairy products produced without the use of the bovine growth hormone rBST (recombinant bovine somatotropin).
Slaughterhouse - this is where they take animals to be killed and processed so they will be fit for human consumption
Subsidize - when part of the cost of producing is paid to make a product cheaper for a buyer
Yield - how many crops a particular field, farm, or area of land produces. It also applies to milk (yields) from dairy cows.
Types of farming:
Commercial Farming - farming for a profit, where food is produced by advanced technological means for sale in the market. Often very few workers are employed.
Dairy Farm - one which specializes in dairy cows, producing milk, butter, cheeses, yoghurt etc.
Extensive Farm - it usually covers a large area and has a low output of capital per hectare.
Factory Farming - keeping animals in intensive artificial conditions indoors, usually large scale
Intensive Farming - a small area of land, and high outputs of capital
Organic Farming - this avoids the use of inorganic chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides.
Pastoral Farm - one which specializes in the production of animals/animal products e.g. sheep farming in the Welsh hills..
Peasant Farming - small-scale farming in developing countries that is done mainly to support a family or small group
Plantation - a large farm in the tropics where one main cash crop is grown, often run by a transnational corporation.
Subsistence Farming - farming which uses simple technology, low capital investment, and in which the production of food for the individual farmer's family is the priority. There is often no food left to sell.
Sustainable Farming - farming which avoids soil erosion and pollution: it does not destroy the land for future generations also known as green farming
Arable land - which is suitable for farming
Boycott - To protest by refusing to buy or do business with a particular company or organization.
Breeding - to produce offspring (babies) (selective breeding: choosing specific characteristics for plants and animals)
BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - aka mad cow disease is a disease where the brain degenerates and has severe neurological symptoms. It is commonly believed that it is transmitted through contaminated meat
CAFO - concentrated animal feeding operation - this is when a large amount of animals are being bred in a very confined, enclosed space
Cash Crop - where a crop is sold in the market for cash; the term is often applied to crops grown in developing countries which are exported to the developed countries
Cereals - crops where the seeds are the main product e.g. wheat, corn.
Compensation - money paid to someone who has experienced loss or injury
Crop Rotation - a method of farming which avoids growing the same crop in a field continuously. A regular change of crops maintains soil fertility and reduces the risk of pests and diseases.
Cultivation - the growing of crops.
Desertification - the reduction in the fertility of the land as a result of human or natural processes. Causes include overgrazing, over-cropping, gradual destruction of trees for fuel, the use of cattle dung as a fuel, deforestation and climate change.
Diversification - switching from farming specialising in a particular product e.g. crop or animal to one depending on a range activities for an income e.g. bed and breakfast, paint-balling, farm zoo, pick-your-own fruit etc.
E. coli (Escherichia coli) - A group of bacteria that live inside the intestines of humans, other mammals, and birds.
Economic - Concerning financial resources (money).
Fallow - a field left for a year with just grass in order for it to naturally regain its nutrients after several years of crops. This is usually part of a Crop Rotation cycle.
Feedlot - A building or stockyard where livestock is fattened for market.
Fertilizer - nutrients applied to the soil, either artificial (inorganic) or natural (organic).
Food recall - to take food off the shelves of the grocery store if something is wrong with it- usually a statement is issued to the public
GMO (genetically modified organism) - An organism whose DNA has been deliberately altered by laboratory methods.
Grain -fed (vs. grass-fed)- Livestock raised on a diet of corn, soybeans, and other by-products, rather than pasture or grass.
Guaranteed Prices - a type of farm subsidy: the farmer is assured a minimum price for everything produced.
Herbicide - poisonous chemicals applied to crops to kill weeds.
HYVs High Yielding Varieties - new types of seed which have been scientifically developed to produce more food per plant. ie selective breeding
Mechanization - machinery takes over the work of humans and animals to increase productivity/lower labour costs
Organic food - Food produced without synthetic pesticides, artificial fertilizers, hormones, antibiotics, or genetic modification.
Over-Cultivation - the excessive use of farmland to the point where productivity falls due to soil exhaustion or land degradation.
Overgrazing - the destruction of the protective vegetation cover by having too many animals grazing upon it.
Pesticide - poisonous chemicals applied to crops to kill pests (bugs)
PETA - People for Ethical Treatment of Animals - an animal rights group with the slogan "animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment or abuse in any way."
Poultry - domesticated birds (ie chickens) raised for eggs and meat
Ranching - rearing of beef cattle on a large scale.
rBST-free - Dairy products produced without the use of the bovine growth hormone rBST (recombinant bovine somatotropin).
Slaughterhouse - this is where they take animals to be killed and processed so they will be fit for human consumption
Subsidize - when part of the cost of producing is paid to make a product cheaper for a buyer
Yield - how many crops a particular field, farm, or area of land produces. It also applies to milk (yields) from dairy cows.
Types of farming:
Commercial Farming - farming for a profit, where food is produced by advanced technological means for sale in the market. Often very few workers are employed.
Dairy Farm - one which specializes in dairy cows, producing milk, butter, cheeses, yoghurt etc.
Extensive Farm - it usually covers a large area and has a low output of capital per hectare.
Factory Farming - keeping animals in intensive artificial conditions indoors, usually large scale
Intensive Farming - a small area of land, and high outputs of capital
Organic Farming - this avoids the use of inorganic chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides.
Pastoral Farm - one which specializes in the production of animals/animal products e.g. sheep farming in the Welsh hills..
Peasant Farming - small-scale farming in developing countries that is done mainly to support a family or small group
Plantation - a large farm in the tropics where one main cash crop is grown, often run by a transnational corporation.
Subsistence Farming - farming which uses simple technology, low capital investment, and in which the production of food for the individual farmer's family is the priority. There is often no food left to sell.
Sustainable Farming - farming which avoids soil erosion and pollution: it does not destroy the land for future generations also known as green farming
Food & Farming Questions
1. Should we eat meat?
2. What major changes have happened in food and farming?
3. What new technology is used for modern farming?
4. Can GMO food save the world?
TRY THESE 3 QUIZZES AND WRITE DOWN ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT WORDS/PHRASES/IDEAS THAT YOU DO NOT KNOW.
http://www.nhs.uk/Tools/Pages/HealthyEating.aspx
http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/food-nutrition/healthy-eating/healthy-diet-quiz.htm
http://www.medicinenet.com/diet_and_nutrition_quiz/quiz.htm
2. What major changes have happened in food and farming?
3. What new technology is used for modern farming?
4. Can GMO food save the world?
TRY THESE 3 QUIZZES AND WRITE DOWN ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT WORDS/PHRASES/IDEAS THAT YOU DO NOT KNOW.
http://www.nhs.uk/Tools/Pages/HealthyEating.aspx
http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/food-nutrition/healthy-eating/healthy-diet-quiz.htm
http://www.medicinenet.com/diet_and_nutrition_quiz/quiz.htm
Food & Farming Magazines
In each link the class has created a magazine about some of the food issues that exist today...
Magazine 1 -10 A1's: http://www.jil.st/geryTa
Magazine 2 -10 A2's: http://www.jil.st/YpPWET
Magazine 3 -10 IP1's: http://www.jil.st/bZsf8v
Magazine 4 -10 IP2's: http://www.jil.st/mPQ6PU
In each link the class has created a magazine about some of the food issues that exist today...
Magazine 1 -10 A1's: http://www.jil.st/geryTa
Magazine 2 -10 A2's: http://www.jil.st/YpPWET
Magazine 3 -10 IP1's: http://www.jil.st/bZsf8v
Magazine 4 -10 IP2's: http://www.jil.st/mPQ6PU
Food & Farming Information
http://www.ukagriculture.com/farming_today/farming_today.cfm
http://www.cropsreview.com/cash-crop-farming.html
http://www.producegreen.org.hk/eng/agronomy_e.htm
http://www.wwoof.org/
http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/subjects/f/factory_farming/index.html
http://www.organicfarming.com.au/
http://www.certifiedorganic.bc.ca/aboutorganic/whatis.php
http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/organic/home_en
http://www.sustainabletable.org/intro/whatis/
http://www.sare.org/
http://www.factoryfarming.org.uk/
http://www.farmforward.com/farming-forward/factory-farming
http://www.themeatrix.com/
http://beyondfactoryfarming.org/
http://www.farmaid.org/site/c.qlI5IhNVJsE/b.2723715/k.852A/Factory_Farms.htm
http://www.meat.org/
http://www.eathumane.org/pages/3114_negative_impacts_of_factory_farming.cfm
http://www.organicconsumers.org/toxic/factoryfarm.cfm
http://www.factory-farming.com/
http://www.motherearthnews.com/Natural-Health/Meat-Poultry-Health-Risk.aspx
http://news.change.org/factory-farms
http://www.takepart.com/article/2012/05/06/goodbye-factory-farm-food-incs-chicken-farmer-Carole-Morison-goes-rogue
http://www.factoryfarmmap.org/problems/
http://awellfedworld.org/issues/animalprotection
http://www.foodispower.org/factory_farm_workers.htm
http://www.hbo.com/documentaries/death-on-a-factory-farm/index.html
http://www.chooseveg.ca/animal-cruelty-canada.asp
http://www.farmsanctuary.org/issues/factoryfarming/
http://www.idausa.org/facts/factoryfarmfacts.html
http://www.factoryfarmmap.org/
http://www.sustainablefarmer.com/
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/sustainable-agriculture/
http://www.sustainabletable.org/issues/factoryfarming/
http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/food/factoryfarms/
http://www.cropsreview.com/cash-crop-farming.html
http://www.producegreen.org.hk/eng/agronomy_e.htm
http://www.wwoof.org/
http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/subjects/f/factory_farming/index.html
http://www.organicfarming.com.au/
http://www.certifiedorganic.bc.ca/aboutorganic/whatis.php
http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/organic/home_en
http://www.sustainabletable.org/intro/whatis/
http://www.sare.org/
http://www.factoryfarming.org.uk/
http://www.farmforward.com/farming-forward/factory-farming
http://www.themeatrix.com/
http://beyondfactoryfarming.org/
http://www.farmaid.org/site/c.qlI5IhNVJsE/b.2723715/k.852A/Factory_Farms.htm
http://www.meat.org/
http://www.eathumane.org/pages/3114_negative_impacts_of_factory_farming.cfm
http://www.organicconsumers.org/toxic/factoryfarm.cfm
http://www.factory-farming.com/
http://www.motherearthnews.com/Natural-Health/Meat-Poultry-Health-Risk.aspx
http://news.change.org/factory-farms
http://www.takepart.com/article/2012/05/06/goodbye-factory-farm-food-incs-chicken-farmer-Carole-Morison-goes-rogue
http://www.factoryfarmmap.org/problems/
http://awellfedworld.org/issues/animalprotection
http://www.foodispower.org/factory_farm_workers.htm
http://www.hbo.com/documentaries/death-on-a-factory-farm/index.html
http://www.chooseveg.ca/animal-cruelty-canada.asp
http://www.farmsanctuary.org/issues/factoryfarming/
http://www.idausa.org/facts/factoryfarmfacts.html
http://www.factoryfarmmap.org/
http://www.sustainablefarmer.com/
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/sustainable-agriculture/
http://www.sustainabletable.org/issues/factoryfarming/
http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/food/factoryfarms/
Food & Farming Handouts
Food & Farming Videos
Big Boys Gone Bananas
Can GM Food Save the World Dirt: The Movie Dive! Eating Alabama Fast food, fat profits Fast Food Baby Fathead Fed Up! Food Fight Food Inc Food Matters Food Stamped |
Forks over Knives
Fridays at the Farm Fresh: The Movie French Fries to go The Future of Food The Garden Genetic Chile Good Food, Bad Food The Greenhorns Homegrown Revolution Hungry for Change InGREEDients |
King Corn
Media that Matters: Good Food Modern Meat Raw for life The Real Dirt on Farmer John Supersize Me Sick and Nearly Dead Seeds of Freedom Truck Farm To Make a Farm Way beyond Weight What's on your plate |